With the penetration of small-scale Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), microgrids are emerging as an alternative platform for providing a reliable and secure energy supply. However, microgrids pose a number of technical challenges including protection and control. Protection challenges require addressing grid code compliance, miscoordination sympathetic tripping of protective devices due to the high penetration of DERs, the design of an optimum grounding system, standardization, and topology based coordination of protective devices. Further protection issues in microgrids encompass different entities, including resilience establishment that includes cyber-attacks upon manipulation of control networks with protection schemes, and mechanisms to address operational integrity as well as consumers’ privacy. Protection schemes for microgrids must be aligned and coordinated with the control system. Several control concepts such as multi-agent system (MAS), distributed control, networked control, cooperative control, and sparse communication can be effectively used to facilitate operation of control systems. High penetration levels of intermittent renewable energy sources further impose a different set of challenges including voltage rise & fluctuation, reverse power flows, temporary overvoltage, power quality deterioration and issues related to protection and voltage/current imbalance. Integration of distributed energy storage systems including battery storage and advanced power electronics based technologies can be used to alleviate the aforementioned issues.